H14 N2 is a poisonous alkaloid consumed daily by millions what-Nicotine
What element was named after the Greek word for green-Chlorine
What elements name comes from the Greek for light bearing-Phosphorous
Alphabetically what is the first element in the periodic table-Actinium
What elements name comes from the Greek word for violet-Iodine
Mercury is also known as Quick Silver
Coal is also known as Black Diamond
The lightest known metal is Lithium
The oil used to preserve timber is Creosote oil
Lime stone is predominantly used raw material in the production of cement.
An element found in all organic compounds is carbon
Most commonly used bleaching agent is chlorine
Lime is sometimes applied to soil in order to increase the alkalinity of the soil
Podsols are Acidic soils
Source of plaster of Paris is gypsum
Chemical name of plaster of Paris is Hemihydrates
Naturally occurring elements are 92
Total elements are 109
Alkaline soil is treated with gypsum
Marble is metamorphic rock
Limestone is sedimentary rock
Limestone transforms into marble
Thorium is both magnetic and radioactive
Finest quality of pottery is procelin. It is make from the purest white clay such as kaolin also called China clay and heated at 1400 deg: C
Bone china is an imitation porcelain made using clay mixed with bone ash
Mud bricks are called adobe
Materials that resist high temperatures are known as refectories
Refectories contin tungsten, the metal with highest melting point (3410 deg: C).
Some refectories contain tungsten carbide which is used to make cutting tools that remain sharp even when they get red hot
Rungsten and titanium carbides are mixed with ceramics to form cerment which are used in high temperature parts of jet and rocket engines
Cement is a ceramic product made of fiercely haeating (1500 deg: C) earthly material like limestone and clay
Concrete is strong under compression but weak if streatched (tension). For this engineers cast steel rods into the concrete. This is called reinforced concrete.
Ceramic is made by heating and mixing together the ceramic material boron carbide and aluminium. It is lighter than aluminum and stronger than steel
Sodium carbonate is used in making glass and in caustic soda for making soap
Sulphuric acid is also known as “lifeblood of industry”
Oxidation is addition of oxygen to the substance
Hydrogenation is adding hydrogen
Hydrogen is the commonest element in the universe.
Hydrogen is a powerful fuel. The main engines of the space shuttle are powered by hydrogen.
Hydrogen is used in fertilizers, margarine and plastics.
Serenium is non metal substance.
‘Ion exchange’ is the method to remove the temporary or permanent hardness of water.
Molasses (Gur) are a by product of sugar industry.
Polymerization is the reaction by which plastics are made. It involves linking together of small molecules (manomers) to form large ones (polymers)
Halogens mean salt like. It is a group of highly reactive nonmetals that are poisonous in their pure forms. Other halogens are fluorine, bromine, iodine, astatine.
Salt is one of the halogens
Halogens light bulbs used in cars’ headlamps (ususlly iodine or bromine) surrounding the light filament. Halogen bulbs are brighter and last longer than ordinary light bulbs.
Fluoride compounds in toothpaste and drinking water help to prevent tooth decay.
Chlorine reacts with other elements and form PVC, a plastic for pipes and waterproof fabrics.
Iodine sublimes at room temperature (i.e turns directly into a gas)
Chlorine is used in swimming pools to kill germs.
Palladium metal is used in air craft
Liquid sodium is used a coolant in nuclear reactor
Plutonium-239 is a good nuclear fuel
Aviation fuel for jet aeroplanes consists of purified kerosene
Co2 is used in fir extinguishers
Cooking gas is oxygen+methane
Hydrogen has the highest fuel value
Ripening of fruits is hastened by Ethylene gas
Iron rusts due to formation of a mixture of ferrous and ferric hydroxide
Chemically soap is a salt
Dalton’s atomic theory gave the concept of Valency
When radioactive rays are passed through air or any gas , they cause it to ionize
Formic acid is present in sour milk
Butane gas is used in cigarette lighters
LPG contains Butane and propane
In soft drinks Co2 is used
Rust stains on cloth is revoved by Oxalic Acid solution
Acid in lemon and grape fruit is Citric Acid
Permanent magnets are make from Ferromagnetic substances
Melting point of Tungsten is 3000 deg: C
Mercury is used as a solvent in refining silver
Serenium is non metal substance.
Aqua Regia is the mixture of Nitric Acid and HCL in 1:3.
Sodium Benzoate is used to preserve food articles.
Gas used for purification of water is chlorine
Formic Acid is used in dying, tanning and electroplating.
In galvanization iron sheet is coated with Zinc
Mahalanobis model laid great emphasis on development of heavy industries.
Oxidation is the process in which electron is lost.
Camphor exhibits the property of sublimation.
Gypsum salt is CaSo4 + 2H2O.
Excessive use of fertilizers causes death of plants due to exomosis.
Sodium Benzoate is used to preserve food articles.
Bee stings contain formic acid
BHCC Benzene Hex chloride is used for killing for insects.
Opposite of acid is alkali
Pure water has pH of 7
pH scale ranges from 0-14
Cola drinks contain phosphoric acid to give them flavor
People used to treat bee stings by rubbing them with bicarbonate of soda
Acid contains hydrogen and react with metals such as iron and zinc, they give off hydrogen
Acid turns litmus paper red
Alkali turns litmus paper blue
Alkalis are part of a group of chemicals called bases.
Alkalis are bases that dissolve in water, have bitter taste and feel soapy
When an acid meets an alkali both are changed- they are neutralized.
When acid meets alkali salt and water is produced
Stomach produces hydrochloric acid
Strong acids like sulphuric acid is usesd in factories to make fertilizers, explosives, plastics, synthetic fabrics, paints, dyes, medicines, detergents and other chemicals
Example of strong alkali is Sodium Hydroxide (caustic soda)
Sodium hydroxide solution dissolves fats and used to clean oven and drain blocked cleaners
In industry alkalis are used in the manufacture of soap, glass, paper and textile and in the refining of crude oil
Aluminum metal is obtained from aluminia by electrolysis. This process was discovered by Charles Hall of US in 1886 and Paul Heroult in France
Use of Boron and Zink can improve cotton yield
‘Ion exchange’ is the method to remove the temporary or permanent hardness of water.
An example of inorganic compound is carbon monoxide
Shoot is an example of amorphous carbon
Different forms of same elements are called allotropes
Diamond is allotropic form of carbon
Graphite is used to hold molten metals
Charcoad is used in gas masks for absorbing unpleasant smells
Fullerences are the most recently discovered allotropes
The main ingredient in glass making is sand, the mineral is silical.
The ordinary glass used for bottles and windows is known as soda lime glass as it is made by using soda ash and limestone.
Adding lead oxide in glass making recipe makes crystal glass which has extra brilliance and sparkles like a diamond.
Glass with a very high lead content is made for the nuclear industry because it blocks harmful radiations.
Boron is added to glass making recipe to protect glass from expanding and cracking when heated.
Borosilicate glass is used to make heat resistant cookware and laboratory equipments.
Glues comes from animals by boiling bones and skin of cattle and fish bones
Gums come from the sticky resins make by certain plants.
Most adhesives used today are synthetic and are usually made from petroleum chemicals.
Among the strongest adhesives are the epoxy resins
Gold is the most malleable metal of all
Silver is used today in photography because many silver salts darken when they are exposed to light.
Platinum is used in industry as a catalyst.
Rubies and sapphires are made mostly of a material called alumina, but rubies are red beacuase they contain tiny amount of chromium and sapphires are ususlly blue as these cotain timy amounts of iron
Driest deserts on earth are the cold, dry valley of Antarctica
Detergents are synthetic products made from petroleum chemicals
Soap is made by heating fat or oil with alkali like caustic soda. A product we get from making of soap is glycerine which is used in making plastics and explosives.
Pure iron is quite a weak metal but if carbon is added to it, it becomes both strong and hard
Iron bricks are called steel ingot
Iron is not found in metal form but extracted from iron ore by smelting ie heating at high temp:
90 elements exist naturally and 25 artificially
At room temperature most elements are solids but a number are gases like oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, helium and neon and only two are liquids like mercury and bromine.
Gold rarely combine with other metals and fluorine is highly reactive
Diamond and graphite are allotropes of carbon
Hjeating coal without air produce coke which is used to make steel
Bitumen (damber) is used for surfacing roads comes from coal
Isotopes are same chemicals but with different physical properties
Aircrafts are made of aluminum alloys.
Chemical used in bettery cells is electrolyte
Sulphuric acid is used in batteries as electrolyte
In alkalin battery Anode = Zinc powder mixed with electrolyte and Cathode = manganese compound mixed with electrolyte
Anode = negative terminal and Cathode = positive terminal
Votalic Pile was the first battery made in 1799
Fuel cells make electricity using hydrogen as a fuel
Almost all explosives contain nitrogen. Nitrogen compound Ammonia is the starting point of several explosives.
Calcium is a metal found in chalk, limestone and marble in the form of Calcium Carbonate
Beryllium is used to make cutting tools where it is important to avoid spark
Minerals containing beryllium don’t show up on x-rays, and are used for the windows of x-ray machines
Magnesium is present in chlorophyll
Sulphur dioxide is not an odorless gas
Glass is soluble in Aqua Reggie
Fuel in an automobile is a mixture of saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons
Power of alcohol is methyl and petrol
Lead is used in batteries
The odour of garlic is due to a Sulphuric compound
Cabbage contains sulphur
The strongest known acid is an 80% solution of antimony pentafluoride in hydrofluoriv acid.
Saffron is used to color fabrics. Cochineal red is a dye extracted from insects.
Crude oil and natural gas are made mostly from hydrocarbons. When they burn CO2 is released into atmosphere
Synthetic fibers are mostly plastics make from petroleum chemicals.
Lime is sometimes applied to soil in order to increase the alkalinity of the soil
BHCC Benzene Hex chloride is used for killing for insects.
Opposite of acit is alkali.
Pure water has 7 P.H.
Cola drinks contain phosphoric acid to give them flavor.
Bee stings contain formic acid.
People used to treat bee stings by rubbing them with bicarbonate of soda.
Acid contains Hydrogen and reacts with metals such as iron and zinc, they give off Hydrogen.
Acid turns litmus paper red.
Alkalis are part of a group of chemicals called bases. Alkalis are bases that dissolve in water, have bitter taste and feel soapy.
Alkali turns litmus paper blue.
Stomach produces hydrochloric acid
Backing powder => Bicarbonate of Soda -> an alkali
Strong acids like sulphuric acid used in factories to make fertilizers, explosive, plastics, synthetic fabrics, paint, dyes, medicines, detergents, and many other chemicals.
Sulphuric acid is also known as ‘lifeblood of industry’
Sulphuric acid is made from sulphur by contact process.
Benzene is known as organic chemical.
Oxidation -> addition of oxygen to the substance is made.
Hydrogenation -> adding hydrogen.
Polymerization is the reaction by which plastics are produced. It involves the linking together of small molecules (monomers) to form large ones (polymere).
Cracking - > large molecules are broken down into small ones (used in refining petroleum).
Halogens means salt like.
Chlorine combines with sodium to make salt (Sodium chloride). It is one of the halogens, a group of highly reactive nonmetals that are all poisonous in their pure forms.
Other halogens are Fluorine, Bromine, Iodine, Astatine.
The halogen light bulbs used in cars headlamps have a halogen gas, usually iodine or bromine, surrounding the light filament. Halogen bulbs are brighter and last much longer than ordinary light bulbs.
Fluoride compounds in toothpaste and drinking water help to prevent tooth decay.
Chlorine reacts with lots of other elements to make some very useful compounds such as PVC, a plastic for pipes and waterproof fabrics.
CFC – Chlorofluoro carbons.
Iodine (turns straight into a gas) (Sublimes) at room temperature.
Chlorine is used in swimming pools to kill germs, that is why swimmers use goggles.
Carbon has two isotopes.
Muons are particles of atom.
Isotopes have same chemical but different physical properties.
Ions => In an atom, the positive electrical charges of the protons are balanced by the negative electrical charges of the electron. The atom is therefore electrically neutral. However, if you add or take away one or more electrons from an atom, it becomes either negatively or positively charged, such charged particles are called Ions.
The purest naturally occurring crystalline form of carbon : diamond
The mixture which can dissolve platinium : Aqua regia
Steel is more elastic than rubber
Marble is --- rock : metaphoric
Oil rises in a wick of oil lamp because of a property of matter, called capillary action
Mercury metal is 13.5 times heavier than water
Diamond is the purest naturally occurring crystalline form of : Carbon
Caustic soda is extensively used for making : making Surf
Charcoal Sulphur Saltpetre make what- Gunpowder
What elements name comes from the Greek meaning lazyArgon
What are silver coins made from-Copper Nickel
Kallium is the old name for which element-Potassium
Coal is formed from the remains of forests that grew in the carboniferous period about 300 million years ago.
Half-time is a time of radioactive substance taken by that substance to decompose radioactivity to half of its weight.
Calcium chloride is present in the common toothpastes as an abrasive.
Copper and tin make gun-metal.
Liquefied Petroleum Gas consists mainly of methane, butane and propane.
Magnesium is a metal extracted from the sea water.
Magnetite can be used for extraction of iron.
The main constituents of Pearl are calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate.
Pollution in rivers is measured by the percentage of dissolved amount of Nitrogen.
Uranium is called White Coal.
Lead and tin are used in solder.
Caffeine, a constituent of tea and coffee is a diuretic.
Citric Acid is used in soft drinks.
A substance which radiates light when heated to a high temperature is said to be incandescent.
Light waves are electromagnetic.
If a solution of pH 6 is diluted by 100 times, the resulting solution would be Acidic.
Acid rain is caused due to emission of oxides of nitrogen and sulphur.
Hydrogen iodide is used for writing on glass.
Infrared radiation has the longest wavelength.
Stainless steel cooking pans are fabricated with copper bottom because conductivity of copper is greater that that of stainless steel.
Sucrose is the sweetest natural sugar among glucose, fructose and lactose.
Lead is used in storage batteries.
Nobel gases are so called due to their chemical inertness.
Alum is not present in cement.
Due to continuous use of calcium superphosphate as fertilizer in soil, the pH of soil becomes more than 7.
Among the fertilizers used, urea contains maximum % of N.
Potassium magnesium sulphate is called the muraite of potash.
Sodium acetate salt when dissolved in water makes the solution basic.
Yellow colour of usual nitric acid is due to the presence of N2O5.
Astatine is the rarest naturally occurring element on earth.
Nitrogen and carbon are most essential for building cells in the human body.
Among the sedimentary rocks, limestone is of organic origin.
Red Hematite is an ore of iron.
Radio-carbon dating is used to find the age of fossils.
Which of the following is used as raw material for the manufacture of rayon? Cellulose
Saponification is the process that makes what common product: Soap
If an alloy is an amalgam what metal must it contain-Mercury
An example of inorganic compound is carbon monoxide.
ATP is a molecule containing high energy bonds.
Sand, Soda and what are the main ingredients of glass-Limestone
Which acid dissolves glass- Hydrofluoric Acid
What colour is iridium-Steel Grey
What gives onions their distinctive smell-Sulphur - taken in when growing
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