2022
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In the modern time, traditional jobs are well paid. However, besides traditional jobs, online earning or remote jobs are also getting the space in professional environment. With the passage of time, technology has changed the way of working. As the technology is improving, the communication and connectivity also improved. Similarly, concept of online earning is getting wide attention of the people all over the world. Online earning in Pakistan is also widely searched keyword in prominent search engines. 

Earning in Pakistan through online means was a dream in recent past. However, in past couple of years, idea of online earning in Pakistan became reality with penetration of 3G and 4G in Pakistan. Now, the youth of Pakistan is fully aware with all the methods of online earning in Pakistan.

For online earning, there are two major ways of getting income. These are selling goods or services online using different portals. 


There are many ways to earn money online in Pakistan. Here are a few options:

  1. Freelancing: Pakistan has a large pool of talented freelancers who offer a variety of services such as web development, graphic design, content writing, and data entry. You can sign up on freelance platforms like Upwork, Fiverr, and Freelancer to find work and start earning online in Pakistan.
  2. Blogging: For blogging, you need to register a domain name and host your content on any server. For amazing and attention-grabbing content in form of text/video/image, you would earn real money through ads display on your blog.
  3. Affiliate marketing: If you have a blog or social media presence with a large following, you can earn money by promoting products or services and earning a commission for each sale that you refer.
  4. E-commerce: You can start an online store and sell products through a website or a platform like Daraz or Shopify.
  5. Video Earning in Pakistan: You can also upload your videos on prominent platforms like YouTube to get the attention of viewers. In return, YouTube shares the revenue with content creators for amazing and quality infotainment / entertainment.
  6. Online tutoring: If you have expertise in a particular subject, you can offer online tutoring services and earn money.
  7. Online surveys: There are many websites and apps that pay users for completing surveys and participating in market research.

Local search engine optimization (SEO) is the process of optimizing your online presence to attract more business / visits from local customers towards your product or service for online earning in Pakistan. It involves optimizing your website and online profiles to rank higher in search engine results for searches related to your business and location.

Here are a few tips for local SEO:

  1. Claim your Google My Business listing: This is a free listing that appears in Google Maps and Google Search when people search for local businesses. Make sure all of your business information is accurate and up-to-date.
  2. Use local keywords: For online earning in Pakistan, include local keywords such as your city or neighborhood in your website and online profiles. This will help search engines understand that your business is relevant to people searching for local businesses.
  3. Get listed in local directories: There are many online directories that list local businesses. Make sure your business is listed in as many relevant directories as possible.
  4. Encourage customer reviews: Customer reviews can help improve your search engine rankings and attract new customers. Encourage your customers to leave reviews on your Google My Business listing, Yelp, and other review sites.
  5. Optimize your website/blog for mobile: More and more people are using their smartphones to search for local businesses. Make sure your website is mobile-friendly and easy to use on a small screen.

By following these tips, you can improve your local SEO and attract more customers to your business. It's important to do your research and be cautious when looking for online earning opportunities, as there are many scams and fraudulent websites that promise easy money. Make sure to carefully evaluate the legitimacy of any opportunity before committing to it. 


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Instagram is a social media platform that allows users to share photos and videos, as well as to interact with each other through likes, comments, and direct messages. It was launched in 2010 and has since become one of the most popular social media platforms, especially among younger users. At initial stage, it was quite difficult to start online earning in Pakistan through Instagram.

On Instagram, users can create a personal profile or a business profile and share content with their followers. They can also discover new accounts to follow through the platform's explore feature, which suggests content based on users' interests and the accounts they already follow.

In addition to sharing photos and videos, users can also use Instagram's editing tools to add filters, captions, and other enhancements to their content. Instagram also offers a range of features for businesses, such as the ability to create ads and track performance, as well as tools for influencer marketing.

There are several ways to earn money on Instagram:

  1. Instagram Sponsored posts: If you have a large and engaged following on Instagram relating to Pakistan, you can earn money by partnering with brands and promoting their products or services through sponsored posts. Brands will typically pay you a fee for sharing content that promotes their products.
  2. Instagram Affiliate marketing: You can also earn money by promoting products or services from other companies and earning a commission for each sale that you refer. Instagram provides various tools for affiliates, such as the ability to add links to your posts and track the performance of your promotions.
  3. Instagram Selling products: If you have your own products, you can use Instagram to promote and sell them. You can add links to your website or use Instagram's shopping feature to allow users to purchase your products directly from the app.
  4. Instagram Advertising: If you have a business or service that you want to promote, you can use Instagram to advertise and reach a larger audience. Instagram offers various ad formats and targeting options to help you reach the right people.
  5. Instagram Services: If you have a particular skill or talent, such as photography or graphic design, you can offer your services on Instagram and earn money.

The key part of earning online in Pakistan through Instagram is quality of graphics and videos. Therefore, you must have full command over the nitty and gritty of graphic designing and video shooting or editing. 

It's important to be mindful of Instagram's guidelines when using the platform to earn money in Pakistan. Make sure to clearly disclose any sponsored or paid content and follow all relevant laws and regulations.


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 THE CRITICIZED LIFE IS NOT WORTH LIVING WITHIN WHAT MEANING HAS - THIS MAXIM SAY VALLE?
(CSS 1963)

Outline:

The need for self - criticism____. Two kinds of fools _____ self-deception is the greatest of deception Wise mon conscious of the limitations ______ Self-knowledge through self-examination ____ Rifling process of investigation A big cause of our decay.

A wise man always subjects himself to self-examination. Every man in this world has strength as well as weakness. Therefore, everyone should practice self criticism in a mood of humility and find out his limitations as well as capability . Humility is the condition of wisdom. It is said about Newton the greatest mathematicians of England, that, in spite of his deep and vast knowledge of Science, he used to say. “I am just picking pebbles on the shore of the'sea of knowledge." Stephen Leacock, the well-known political economist of Canada, in ’his Model memories, speaks of an eminent professor, who had worked for fourteen years on the subject of Machiavelli, the great political thinker of Italy, when the professor published his Book on Machivelli, the book was declared by competent critics an immature and full of wrong judgment. Now the professor who was convinced of the justice of the review' was an example of wisdom and humility.

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LIBERTY MUST BE LIMITED IN ORDER TO BE ENJOYED
CSS 1963

Outline:
The wrong idea of early days that majority of people could not be free The need for the discipline and law We must control our thoughts Bad habit of sinning and repenting.

In early days, it was thought that large sections of the population could not be free. The Vaish in ancient India, the serfs under the feudal system in England, and similar classes were born to serve nobles and land owners. But the nobles were not exempted from service, for they had duties and obligations to the king. In some cases, the European king owed service to an emperor, and the emperor possibly had to regard the wishes of the pope. The pope w is strictly attached to the laws of God. so no man is free.
How could we have a school or a factory in which the pupils or the workers are entirely free? Can we say that a man may come into his work of stay away, just as he likes? Can we say that a school boy may enter his class in lime or late, according to his pleasure? Certainly not. It would mean a break-down of all organized institution? Man lives in a society a community. He is not solitary. When men are gathered together, there must be discipline. If a number of men are on some work they will gel together and elect a captain or a leader, and will submit to him. In a sense they are giving up some of their freedom, because there will be disputes and disagreements. In society we have to submit to government and we elect our leader. There must be law, and it must be enforced. An English writer. Mill, was a great supporter of freedom for the individual. He was an enemy of State Control. He found it difficult to settle such questions as "Should a man be at liberty to drink liquor or is the Stale justified in prohibiting it“? Mill decided that a man who wants to drink should be allowed to drink, provided that there is nothing in his acts that is a trouble or annoyance to others. In other words, a man can do what he like, with his own body and mind but must not trespass on the rights and claims of others. All will not agree with this but may feel that the duty of a good government is to consider the weakness of the poor man. and to prevent him from getting liquor.
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WOULD IT BE TRUE TO SAY THAT MOST UNHAPPY PEOPLE HAVE OFTEN THE
LEAST CAUSE FOR BEING UNHAPPY
(CSS 1963)

Outline:

The wrong notion of serious people _____The love of cheerfulness_____.The optimistic attitude _____.The wonders of a good laugh _____۔۔ The scarcity of laughter in our daily life.

Many people have ruined their power of laughter. They have no rebound, no elasticity. To them the sense of humour is a weakness. Life is a thing to be taken seriously, they say. These people feel the weight of the'woes of the world: They are loaded down with this responsibility. They cannot understand how anybody can take such a light, flippant view of life as to spend time in fun making. They give us the impression that the whole universe would slop. The go around with a serious aggrieved air as though the world rested upon their shoulders. They should know that happiness is scattered round them. They can find it everywhere. There is no cause for being unhappy. 

No matter what their work may be; they should learn to find happiness everywhere. The love of cheerfulness can be cultivated life any other faculty, and in practical life, it will be worth more to them than a college education with out it. This is wealth that can accumulate the wealth of joy.

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 FORENSIC PHARMACY (Past Papers)

  • Forensic pharmacy is application of the sciences of drugs to legal issues. Forensic pharmacists engage in work related to litigation, the regulatory process, and the criminal justice system.
  • Forensic pharmacy overlaps with many other forensic fields and Pharmacists hold a variety of positions with local, state, and federal governments.

FORENSIC PHARMACIST

  • A forensic pharmacist can be a valuable resource in legal cases relating to malpractice, adverse drug reactions, drunk and drugged driving, health care fraud, poisoning, and numerous other types of civil and criminal cases.
  • A forensic pharmacist's job responsibilities are slightly different than a forensic scientist's duties because a forensic pharmacist specifically applies the science of drugs to legal matters.
  • Forensic pharmacists spend much of their time researching, testing and analyzing drug-related evidence for lawyers to use in litigation as part of the criminal justice system.

HISTORY OF PHARMACY EDUCATION IN PAKISTAN

  • Pharmacy education was started in the province of Punjab of subcontinent in year 1944 within pharmacology department of King Edward Medical College (K.E.M.C), Lahore.
  • Initially, K.E.M.C. offered a 3-year degree course along with a 2-year diploma tracked by 3 months of practical training in Pharmacy.
  • Later on due to its wider prospects the department of Pharmacy was undertaken by the Punjab University, Lahore.
  • In the year 1948 an independent Pharmacy department was established in Punjab University, Lahore in the present location, which is known as Allama Iqbal Campus.
  • Initially at Punjab University, the education of Pharmacy was taught in various institutions in and out of the University. The Physiology and Pharmacology departments of King Edward Medical College helped the department of Pharmacy in teaching subjects of Physiology and Pharmacology, the subject of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical chemistry were taught in the department of Botany, Government
  • College, Lahore and in the department of Chemistry, University of the
  • Punjab, Lahore respectively. Pharmaceutics, however, was taught at
  • present premises of the Pharmacy department.
  • In 1958 all the subjects were taught in the Department of Pharmacy. With the development of well-equipped research laboratories and additional facilities, the university started master and doctoral programs in Pharmacy in 1966 and 1974 respectively.
  • The department was up-graded to the level of faculty in 1979 and 3- years bachelor’s course was transformed into 4-years degree program, another major milestone in the history of Pharmacy.
  • Later on, in 2003, its status was further up-lifted to the level of College and it is known as University College of Pharmacy. Thereafter, 4-year of Bachelor of Pharmacy was changed to 5-years Doctor of Pharmacy degree.

HISTORY OF DRUG LEGISLATION IN PAKISTAN

INTRODUCTION

• Pakistan has legislation namely the Drug Act, 1976.

NEED OF LEGISLATION

  • To ensure the availability of safe, effective, and quality products at reasonable prices.

KEY FEATURES OF LEGISLATION

  • Before independence of Pakistan, pharmaceutical industry was regulated by the Drugs Act, 1940 in the sub-continent. This Act provided basic guidelines to manufacture, distribution, sale, import and export of drugs. In order to check the standard of the drugs, central drug laboratory was established whereas drug inspectors had been provided for implementation of the provision of this Act.
  • In 1976, Drugs Act was promulgated in order to cope the scientific advancement and cover the shortcomings of the Drugs Act, 1940. Drug Act 1976 and rules made under this act are the measures to ensure manufacture, register, import/export and sale of drugs. It includes:
- The manufacture, import, export and sales of drugs without license is banned.
- Whereas the sale of the drugs in the streets is prohibited.
  • Later on, following rules were made to strengthen the regulatory system in Pakistan:
The Drugs (Licensing, Registration & Advertising) Rules, 1976
The Drugs (Import & Export) Rules, 1976
The Drugs (Labeling & Packing) Rules, 1986
  • Alternative Medicines (unani, ayurvedic, homeopathic, Chinese, biochemical etc.) & Health & OTC products (probiotics, disinfectants, food supplements, nutraceuticals, baby milk, medicated cosmetics etc.) were non-regulated till promulgation of “Alternative Medicines & Health Products (Enlistment) Rules, 2014”. Provincial governments are regulating pharma business w.r.t. distribution and sale by following rules:
Punjab Drug Rules, 2007
Sindh Drug Rules, 2010
KPK Drug Rules, 2017
Baluchistan Drug Rules, 2018
  • Punjab drug rules 2007, key features include: 
Pharmacy and medical store
  • Medical Store means premises where drugs are excluding the drugs specified in the Schedule G are stored, sold or offered for sale.
  • Pharmacy means premises where drugs are stored, sold, compounded, dispensed or prepared on prescription or distributed in case of authorized agent of manufacture, or importer.

• The DRAP Act 2012
The DRAP Act, 2012 promulgated and established a well-defined regulatory authority to regulate licensing, registration, pricing, quality assurance, laboratory testing, controlled drugs, pharmacy services etc., aspects of pharmaceutical industry. The Authority comprises of Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and 13 Directors for smooth working of DRAP.
Functions include:
To provide effective coordination and enforcement of the Drug Act 1976.
To bring Harmony in Inter-Provincial Trade.
Commerce of Therapeutic goods.
• The Punjab Drugs (Amendment) Bill 2015
- A bill further to amend the Drug Act, 1976 
- Certain amendments in the Drug Act, 1976
 For the eradication of the menace of spurious drugs.
 For more effective enforcement of the law through stricter penalties and for ancillary matters.

NATIONAL HEALTH POLICY

Pakistan is committed to the goal of Health for all. To achieve this, the Government is taking all possible measures in the field of health services at large and drugs in particular.
• Formulation of the national drug policy thus forms an integral component of its national health policy, purpose of which is to ensure regular availability of essential drugs of acceptable efficacy, safety and quality at affordable prices to all irrespective of their socio-economic status or place of living.
• Towards achieving this goal, Pakistan has a drug legislation, a quality control system, and certain other elements of a drug policy in fragmented form, but to meet the challenges of the day, a more comprehensive drug policy is necessary.
• The National Drug Policy encompassing all aspects of drugs which has been formulated for the first time in Pakistan to serve as a future guide.

NATIONAL DRUG POLICY

OBJECTIVES

The specific objectives of the National Drug Policy are as under:

  1. To develop and promote the concept of essential drugs and to ensure regular, uninterrupted and adequate availability of such drugs of acceptable quality and at reasonable prices
  2. To inculcate in all related sectors and personnel the concept of rational use of drugs with a view to safeguarding public health from over-use, misuse or inappropriate use of drugs.
  3. To encourage the availability and accessibility of drugs in all parts of the country with emphasis on those which are included in the National Essential Drugs List.
  4. To attain self-sufficiency in formulation of finished drugs and to encourage production of pharmaceutical raw materials by way of basic manufacture of active ingredients.
  5. To protect the public from hazards of substandard, counterfeit and unsafe drugs.
  6. To develop adequately trained manpower in all fields related to drugs management.
  7. To develop a research base particularly for operational and applied research with a view to achieving the above mentioned objectives.
  8. To develop the pharmaceutical industry in Pakistan with a view to meeting the requirement of drugs within the country and with a view to promoting their exports to other countries.

NATIONAL ESSENTIAL DRUGS LIST (NEDL)

PREPARATION OF NEDL

  • The Federal Government and each provincial government until 1993 had their on lists of drugs for purchases for the government institutions and thus there was lack of uniformity in these lists.
  • The concept if these lists for various levels of Health Institutions was also not distinctly defined. There was, therefore, an urgent need to prepare a National list of Essential Drugs of Pakistan with graded lists for various levels to be implemented uniformly both at the Federal and Provincial levels.
  • A National Essential Drugs List of Pakistan was thus prepared in 1994 in view of the health needs of the country with the help of specialists organizations in the field of medicines and pharmacy from all over the country. This has already been published and circulated widely throughout the country.

BULK PURCHASES FOR HEALTH INSTITUTIONS
 Future bulk purchases of drugs for all government and semi-government
health institutions shall be made in accordance with this list. The NEDL
has specified the health care levels at which each essential drug is to be
used.
 Effective and well organized operating systems shall be developed for
procurement and distribution of such drugs for the population. This shall
envisage quantification of the actual needs for drugs and effective
logistics for supply.
PROMOTION OF ESSENTIAL DRUGS CONCEPT (Past Papers)
 The Essential Drug Concept and the National Essential Drug List will be
promoted in the public and private sector. Policy will be geared to
increase share of essential drugs in local production and to make such
drugs available at affordable prices where-ever needed.
 Efforts will also be made to promote rationality in essential drug
prescribing and use. To encourage this, Drug Information Sheets in line
with those of WHO model providing concise, accurate and
comprehensive information shall be prepared and widely circulated.
 A comprehensive public information shall be launched to enhance
understanding and acceptance of the Essential Drugs Concept by the
patient and the health care personnel.
 In order to promote the concept of Essential Drugs, the doctors in the
public sector shall be persuaded to prescribe rationally cost-effective
drugs from the Essential Drugs List.
 In order to encourage such practices, unbiased information about drugs
shall be published and widely circulated to the Federal and Provincial
Health Institutions.
SYSTEM OF AUDIT AND ACCOUNTABILITY
 A system of audit and accountability shall also be introduced for
monitoring the prescribing practices.
 Procurement of drugs in the public sector shall also be subject to similar
audit and accountability.
REVIEW OF NEDL
 The National Essential Drugs List will be periodically reviewed and
revised every year and made more pragmatic by a committee that
includes competent specialists in clinical medicine, pharmacology and
pharmacy and from other related fields and published.
CRITERIA FOR SELECTION OF EDS
 For the selection of essential drugs and for establishing a national
program for the use of essential drugs, the guidelines and criteria
recommended by the WHO shall be followed.
AVAILABILITY OF EDS
 The availability of essential drugs which could be in short supply shall be
ensured through the establishment of hospital pharmacy for
manufacture of such drugs and also by providing incentives to the local
industry.
CONSTITUTION OF PTC
 All teaching divisional and district hospitals shall constitute “Pharmacy
and Therapeutic Committees” to monitor and promote rational use of
drugs in the hospitals.
GENERIC NAMES FOR EDS
 Only generic names will be used for drugs in the NEDL all public sector
drug lists, inventory sheets and tender documents.
PRESCRIPTION HANDLING AT RETAIL LEVEL AND RECORD KEEPING
HANDLING OF PRESCRIPTION
 The following procedures should be adopted by the pharmacist while
handling the prescription for compounding and dispensing:
1. RECEIVING
 The prescription should be received by the pharmacist. While
receiving a prescription, a pharmacist should not change his/her
facial expression.
2. READING AND CHECKING
 After receiving the prescription it should be screened behind the
counter. Prescription authenticity should be checked.
 The signature of the prescriber and the date of prescription should be
checked. The pharmacist should read all the lines and words of the
prescription. If there is any doubt, the pharmacist should consult with
the other pharmacist or the prescriber over telephone.
3. COLLECTING AND WEIGHING THE MATERIALS
 Before compounding a prescription all the materials should be
collected from the shelves or drawers. All the materials shall be kept
in the left hand side of the balance. After measuring each material
should be kept on the right hand side of the balance.
 After compounding of the prescription materials are replaced back to
the shelves.
 While compounding every container of material should be checked
thrice in the following manner:
When
collected from the shelves.
When
the materials are measured.
When
the containers are placed back to the shelves.
4. COMPOUNDING, PACKAGING AND LABELING
 Only one prescription should be compounded at a time.
Compounding should be done on a clean table. All equipment
required should be cleaned and dried.
 The preparation should be prepared according to the direction of the
prescriber or as per methods given in pharmacopoeia or formulary.
The compounded preparations should be filled in suitable containers.
At the end label the container.
RECORD KEEPING OF PRESCRIPTION
 It is recommended for pharmacists to keep the following records for a
minimum of 5 years:
A
record of the purchase and supply of an unlicensed medicine.
The specification of the unlicensed medicine agreed with the
supplier. This should be documented and kept on file in the
pharmacy.
Verification
of the specification of the unlicensed medicine, such
as a certificate of analysis or a certificate of conformity from the
manufacturer. This should be obtained on delivery and must
include the batch number and expiry details of the product kept
on file in the pharmacy.
Patient
details, such as name and address linked to the unlicensed
medicine should also be maintained to provide an adequate audit
trail.
The
source of the product i.e. manufacturer details. The batch
number and expiry date of the product. This will be listed on
certificate of analysis or a certificate of conformity.
If
the product is in response to a prescription, the records must
also include the patient’s details, prescription details and the date
of dispensing.
The
date the product was supplied – as this may differ from the
date of manufacture.
DRUG CONTROL ADMINISTRATION AT FEDERAL AND PROVISIONAL
LEVEL
 After the commencement of DRAP Act 2012, the Federal Government
shall establish an Authority to be known as the Drug Regulatory
Authority of Pakistan.
 The Authority shall be an individual body having common seal and shall
work for the purposes of this Act.
 The Authority shall be an autonomous body under the administrative
control of the Federal Government with its headquarters at Islamabad.
 The Authority may set up its sub-offices provincial capitals and such
other places, as it may consider necessary from time to time.
 The common seal of the authority shall be kept under custody of CEO.
REGISTRATION OF DRUGS
ESTABLISHMENT OF REGISTRATION BOARD
1. Section 7 of Drugs Act 1976 describes the rules and regulations for
registration of drugs. The Federal Government shall register drugs inaccordance
with prescribed conditions and procedure and for that
purpose a Registration Board was set up, consisting of persons with
appropriate qualifications.
2. The members of the Registration Board shall exercise powers of an
Inspectors.
3. Registration board shall establish committees, sub-committees. RB shall
conduct meeting in every month and Agenda shall be circulated to
members.
COMPOSTION OF REGISTRATION BOARD (Past Papers)
1. Director Registration Board (Chairman)
2. One Representative, each from Directorate of biological drugs, medical
devices and medicated cosmetics and QA and LT directorates.
3. Director DTL Punjab, Sindh, KPK and Balochistan.
4. Veterinary medicine expert at least 15 years’ experience.
5. Pharmacology expert with 15 years’ experience to be nominated by
Federal Government.
6. Hospital Pharmacy expert with at least 15 years of experience.
7. One Experts, each having at least 15 years of experience in fields of
biologicals, physician, drug manufacturing.
8. IPO representative.
9. Law expert not below BS-19 nominated by Law Division.
10. Additional director (Regular) is Secretary.
DRUG REGISTRATION (Past Papers)
1. The registration shall be granted and reviewed on the basis of
established criteria of acceptable safety, efficacy, in terms of significant
therapeutic value, quality and keeping in view real health needs of the
country and the public interest.
2. Fixed ratio combinations products will be registered only when the
dosage of each ingredient meets the requirements of a defined
population group and when the combination has proven advantage over
single compounds administered separately in therapeutic effect, safety
or compliance.
3. All irrational, unsafe and obsolete formulations and combinations shall
be de-registered. Regsitration Board can cancel or suspend the
regitration after giving show cause notice in case of discepency or
specify further conditions.
4. Application for registration given on prescribed forms:
Form
5 (local manufacture)
Form
5A (Imported drugs)
Form
5D (New molecules)
Form
5E (Patent drugs)
 The Common Technical Document (CTD) is a set of specifications for an
application dossier for the registration of medicines. New format of
dossiers for registration consists of five modules:
Module
I – Regional administrative information (Not part of CTD)
Module
II – Quality over all summary (Clinical and non-clinical
summary and overviews)
Module
III – Quality
Module
IV – Non-clinical study reports (safety)
Module
V – Clinical study reports (efficacy).
 Duration of registration certificate is 5 years unless suspended or
cancelled. Renewal is done for further 5 years. Application for renewal
shall be received within 60 days.
 Conditions of regsitration are:
Import,
export in accordance with approval.
Indications,
side effects, dosage and cautions etc be clearly
mentioned on labels.
Suffieient
supply in market.
No
shortage of the drug in market.
Can
not discontinue production.
PRICING OF DRUGS
DRUGS PRICING
1. Section 12 of Drugs Act 1976 describes the rules and regulations for
pricing of drugs. Federal Govenrment shall fix price and profit margins of
drugs.
2. Drug manufacurers, stockist, importers, exporters etc are bound to
disclose relevant information to Fedral Government.
3. Fedral Government by notification in official Gazatte can delegate its
powers to committee or any other authority.
PRICING POLICY (Past Papers)
 Pricing policy notified on 12-06-2018. The definitions in said policy are:
 CPI – Consumer price index.
 Drug Pricing Committee – means committee notified under section 10
of Drug Act 1976.
 IMS data – Information medical statics. An organization which provide
pharmaceutical market information globally.
 Quintiles IMS data – information of Pharmaceutical market in Pakistan
by IQVIA, An organization which provides pharmaceutical market
information globally.
 Landed cost – Import price + freight + custom duty + income tax paid at
import stage + insurance + bank charges + clearing charges + civil
aviation charges + other import levies (if any).
 Manufacturing cost – API cost + other raw material cost + packaging
material cost + wastage not exceeding 3% + QC cost + production cost
including labor + depreciation on plant and machinery + fuel + energy
cost + other cost as per standards.
 NCE/NBE – New chemical entity / New biological entity that has not been
registered in the same dosage form, strength and delivery system in
Pakistan.
 Originator brand – means branded drug containing a new chemical
entity through research and development.
BASIS OF PRICING
 Two categories of drugs:
1. Drugs and biologicals on National Essential Medicine list.
2. All other drugs.
 MRP of generic never exceeds originator brand except originator brand
is de-registered or manufacturer or importer confirm the non-availability
due to non-viability.
 No person including retailer, hospital, clinic, whole seller or distributor
sell any drug to any consumer at price exceeding the MRP printed on
pack. Loose quantities should be calculated on pro-rata basis.
 Stickers, overlapping or masking of price shall not be allowed to anyone.
In case of price reduction it can be permitted on request.
PRICE FIXATION OF NCE (Past Papers)
 Price fixation of originator brand of NCE shall be based on average price
of same brand, in same strength in India and Bangladesh.
 If originator brand of NCE has not been marketed in India or Bangladesh:
Than
check average price of basket countries namely, Indonesia,
Philippines, Lebanon, Sri Lanka and Malaysia.
If
not available in these countries than check average wholesale /
procurement price available in:
 UK monthly index of medical supplies or BNF.
 Australian pharmaceutical benefit scheme.
 New Zealand pharmaceutical management agency.
 If price is not available in above references than average price of

















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PPSC Sub Inspector Solved Past Papers 2022
PUNJAB PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION (PPSC) WRITTEN EXAMINATION FOR RECRUITMENT TO THE POST OF SUB INSPECTOR PAST PAPER PPSC (BS-14) Held 30-01-2022 in Punjab Police Department 
General Knowledge MCQs - Computer MCQs - English MCQs

1 _______________ is used for motions to slides in slide show.
(A) Master Slide
(B) Template
(C) Animation Scheme  ✓
(D) None of These

2. Which term identifies a specific Computer in web and the main page of the entire site?
(A) WWW
(B) Link
(C) SQL
(D) URL  ✓

03. A service in which user can chat with his/her friends and not with public is called_____?
(A) Instant Messaging  ✓
(B) Chatting
(C) Entertainment
(D) None of these

04 . The folder contains copies of messages hat you have started but are not yet ready to send?
A.Sent Items
(B) Draft  ✓
(C) Outbox
(D) None of these

 05. Choose the Most appropriate one word substitute of ______
That which cannot be passed through:
(A) Impassable  ✓
(B) Passable
(C) Passage
(D) Present

06 . Choose the Synonym of underlined word_______?
Several members of the party eulogized their leader at the public meeting.
(A) Thanked
(B) Praised  ✓
(C) Wished
(D) Flattered.
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  • Computer Symbols and Names I
  • Computer Symbols and Names II
  • Computer Symbols and Names III
  • General Computer Facts I
  • General Computer Facts II
  • General Computer Facts III
  • Names and Computer Symbols I
  • Names and Computer Symbols II
  • Names and Computer Symbols III
  • Pictures of Computer I
  • Pictures of Computer II
  • Pictures of Computer III
  • Programming Languages I
  • Programming Languages II
  • Programming Languages III
  • Video Games I
  • Video Games II
  • Video Games III
  • Computer Hardware
  • Computer Graphics
  • Famous Computer Persons I
  • Famous Computer Persons II
  • Famous Computer Persons III
  • Famous Internet Companies I
  • Famous Internet Companies II
  • Famous Internet Companies III
  • File Extensions I
  • File Extensions II
  • File Extensions III
  • Abbreviations I
  • Abbreviations II
  • Abbreviations III
  • Font Types I
  • Font Types II
  • Font Types III
  • Mixed Computer I
  • Mixed Computer II
  • Mixed Computer III



20000 Computer MCQs Test

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 FEDERAL PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION
FPSC SOLVED PAST PAPER OF ASSISTANT DIRECTOR – IB 2017
INTELLIGENCE BUREU 2017
GENERAL KNOWLEDGE / PAKISTAN STUDIES/ ISLAMIC STUDIES / ENGLISH

1. A poor man know nursed the orphan
(A) who ✓
(B) whom
(C) that
(D) None of these

2. She was compensated the loss of her belongings.
(A) for ✓
(B) over
(C) against
(D) None of these

3. Put your signature blue ink.
(A) through
(B) in
(C) with ✓
(D) None of these

4. We should not hanker  worldly
Pleasure.
(A) far
(B) about
(C) after ✓
(D) None of these

5. I have __ one rupee Note in my hand
(A) a ✓
(B) an
(C) the
(D) none of above

6. While traveling to Karachi, I ran a very old friend of mine
(A) into
(B) against
(C) across ✓
(D) None of these

7. It ___ too cold to go out last night so we stayed at home
(A) has been
(B) was ✓
(C) used to be
(D) None of these

8. We should not look ___ the poor
(A) It
(B) down
(C) down upon ✓
(D) None of these

CHOOSE THE CORRECT MEANINGS OF THE IDIOMS
9. To see eye to eye
(A) agree ✓
(B) disagree
(C) to light
(D) None.of these

10. To smells Rat.
(A) To misunderstand ✓
(B) To suspect a deceit
(C) To see hidden meaning
(D) None of these

11. To be at daggers drawn
(A) To be lightered
(B) to be ready to face ✓
(C) To be bitter enemy
(D) None of these

CHOOSE THE SYNONYMS OF THE WORDS CAPITALIZED
12. IGNOMINY
(A) Humiliations
(B) Victory
(C) Sphere ✓
(D) None of these

13. Nettled
(A) displeased ✓
(B) Agreed
(C) Annoyed
(D) None of these

14. Culpable
(A) Involved
(B) Guilty
(C) Affected ✓
(D) None of these

CHOOSE THE OPPOSITE MEANING TO THE WORD CAPITALIZED
15. Disdain
(A) Humility
(B) Contempt ✓
(C) Respect
(D) None of these

16. INDIGNATION
(A) Referees
(B) Cooperation
(C) Antagonism ✓
(D) None of the se

17. OBSTINATE
(A) Aggressive ‘
(B) cumbersome
(C) conspicuous
(D) None of those ✓

CHOOSE THE COR RECT PASSIVE VOICE
18. Choose the correct Passive voice stone strikes on my head
(A) I am struck on the head by a stone ✓
(B) My head has been struck by a stone
(C) My heard was struck with a stone
(D) None of these

19. He said to her, ‘Don't read so fast'
(A) He requested her to read not so fast
(B) He ordered her to read so fast
(C) He forbade her to read so fast
(D) None of these ✓

20. He said, ‘The sun is stationary’
(A) He said that the sun is stationary ✓
(B) He said that the sun was stationary
(C) He said the sun is stationary
(D) None of these
[next]
21. Where the heart of Asia conference held
(A) Afghanistan
(B) Nepal
(C) India ✓
(D) None of these

22. Which leader of Tamil Nado was died in 2016
(A) Jayalalitaa ✓
(B) Binari
(C) Sonubhai
(D) Kaleeho

23. UAE is to confederation 2 federation
(A) 7 ✓
(B) 8
(C) 10
(D) 9

24. Which is the third largest Party of Britian?
(A) Conservative Party ✓
(B) Labour Party
(C) Liberal democratic
(D) None of these

25. Who is elected secretary General of UN?
(A) Ban ki Moon
(B) Boutros-Ghali
(C) Kofi Anan
(D) None of these ✓

26. Who was first prime minister of India?
(A) Lal Bahadur Shastri
(B) Moti Lal Nehru
(C) Jawhar Lal Nehru ✓
(D) None of these

27. Who Is Turkish president? (2017)
(A) Najum-ud-Din Arbken
(B) Bin Ali Yaldrim
(C) Tayyab Erdogan ✓
(D) None of these

28. Which country joined SAARC long after?
(A) Afghanistan ✓
(B) India
(C) Iran
(D) None of these

29. Indus water Basin Treaty was signed in Karachi by:
(A) Ayub Khan ✓
(B) Yahya Khan
(C) ZA Bhutto
(D) None of these

30. Which river was surrendered by Pakistan in Indus water Basin Treaty.
(A) Indus
(B) Chenab
(C) Jheium
(D) None of these ✓

31. Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah sworn in as the Governor General of Pakistan on: 
(A) 14" August 1947
(B) IS”1 August 1947 ✓
(C) 8" August 1947
(D) 17th August 1947

32. The All India Muslim League was founded in 1906 in:
(A) Delhi
(B) Dhaka ✓
(C) Lahore
(D) Allahabad

33. The Punjab Police Department consists of how many Regional Offices?
(A) 8
(B) 10 ✓
(C) 11
(D) 12

34. Juvenile prisoners are under age of:
(A) 14
(B) 15
(C) 18 ✓
(D) 16

35. The temporary or permanent release of prisoners before the expiry of a sentence on account of good behaviour is called:
(A) Bail
(B) Remission
(C) Parole ✓
(D) Probation

36. Khuzdar and Kalat districts are In:
(A) KPK
(B) Sindh
(C) Balochistan ✓
(D) Kashmir

37. Pakistan Steel Mill Karachi was founded with the cooperation of:
(A) Russia ✓
(B) Germany
(C) China
(D) Japan

38. The Elite Force Punjab was formed in:
(A) 1998 ✓
(B) 1999
(C) 2001
(D) 2002

39. Who succeeded Quaid-e-Azam as the Governor General of Pakistan?
(A) Khawaja Nazimuddin ✓
(B) Liaqat Ali Khan
(C) Sikandar Mirza
(D) Muhammad Ali Bogra

40. Dr. Abdus Salam won the first Nobel Prize for Pakistan in the subject of;
(A) Chemistry
(B) Physics ✓
(C) Biology
(D) Mathematics
[next]
41. When Warsaw Pact was signed in
(A) 1955 ✓
(B) 1956
(C) 1954
(D) None of these

42. In Shanghai Cooperation organization what is the status of Pakistan
(A) Full member ✓
(B) Observer
(C) Dialogue member
(D) None of these

43. When the Shanghai Cooperation organization was founded.
(A) 1915
(B) 1910
(C) 1966
(D) None of these ✓

44. The current US President belongs to which Party
(A) Republican Party ✓
(B) Democratic Party
(C) Independent
(D) None of these

45. Donald Trump is native of the state of
(A) California
(B) New York ✓
(C) Virginia
(D) None of these

46. On which day of November of Leap year the US presidential elections are held.
(A) Tuesday
(B) Money
(C) Sunday ✓
(D) None of these

47. Which country is member of BRICS
(A) Pakistan
(B) India
(C) China
(D) B&C ✓

48. Where the last summit of BRICS held.
(A) Burma
(B) Cftina
(C) Cyprus
(D) India ✓

49. On which day of November of the Leap year the US presidential elections are conducted
(A) Tuesday
(B) Monday
(C) Sunday ✓
(D) None of these

50. The Lowari Pass connects Peshawar with:
(A) Chitral ✓
(B) Gilgit
(C) Swat
(D) Hunza

51. Neelum Valley is in:
(A) Swat
(B) Gilgit
(C) Azad Kashmir ✓
(D) Huza

52. Mr. Raza Rabbani is:
(A) Leader Opposition in National Assembly
(B) Chairman Senate ✓
(C) Deputy Speaker National Assembly
(D) Speaker Sindh Assembly

53. Olympics 2016 will be held in:
(A) France
(B) America
(C) China
(D) Brazil ✓

54. Big Apple is the nickname of:
(A) London
(B) Paris
(C) New York ✓
(D) Tokyo

55. Capital of Yemen is:
(A) Sana'a ✓
(B) Aden
(C) Beirut
(D) Amman

56. Bashar al Asad is the President of.
(A) Iraq
(B) Syria ✓
(C) Yemen
(D) Lebanon

57. The International Criminal Police Organization is known as:
(A) CIA
(B) ISI
(C) MIB
(D) Interpol ✓

58. The famous football player Lionel Messi belongs to:
(A) Spain
(B) Italy
(C) Argentina ✓
(D) France

59. The International Court of Justice has its headquarters in:
(A) Geneva
(B) New York
(C) The Hague ✓
(D) London

60. International Human Rights day is celebrated on:
(A) 10 November
(B) 10 October
(C) 10 January
(D) 10 December ✓
[next]
61. Mi-5 is the intelligence agency of:
(A) United States
(B) United Kingdom ✓
(C) Israel
(D) France

62. Taksim Square is in:
(A) Cairo
(B) Istanbul ✓
(C) Dammam
(D) Beirut

63. Anything which is prohibited by law is called:
(A) Irregular
(B) Immoral
(C) Illegal ✓
(D) Unreliable

64. Al Jazeera TV channel belongs to:
(A) Qatar ✓
(B) Kuwait
(C) Egypt
(D) Bahrain

65. NATO is an alliance.
(A) Regional
(B) Economic
(C) Military ✓
(D) Political

66. The UN was founded in:
(A) 1944
(B) 1945 ✓
(C) 1946
(D) 1947

67. The system of Jail was Introduced by:
(A) Hazrat Usman Ghani (RA)
(B) Hazrat Abu Bakar Siddique (RA)
(C) Hazrat Umar Farooq (RA) ✓ 
(D) Hazrat All Murtaza (RA)

68. At night time plants and trees release?
(A) Oxygen
(B) Carbon dioxide ✓
(C) CO
(D) None of these
Plants take in carbon dioxide (CO2) and release oxygen (O2) during day time when they undergo the process of photosynthesis and they take in O2 and release CO2 during the night as a result of respiration.
69. Acid is neuteialized by?
(A) Aikaii
(B) Salt
(C) Chloride
(D) None ✓

70. In human body the red blood cells are
(A) Oxygen carries ✓
(B) to fight against infections
(C) to help in digestion
(D) None of these

71. Which gas is used in balloons?
(A) Oxygen
(B) Helium ✓
(C) Hydrogen
(D) None of these

72. The process in which the leaves absorb sunlight and use the energy to synthesize carbohydrate from and water is called?
(A) Oxygenation
(B) Photosysithesis ✓
(C) Hybrid regeneration
(D) None of these

73. What is peanut?
(A) Leaf
(B) Stem
(C) Rose
(D) None of these ✓

74. Law of gravity was given by?
(A) Newton ✓
(B) Dalton
(C) Einstein
(D) None of these

75. The weathers on the earth are changed with rotation of earth around? .
(A) Sun revolution of sun
(B) Its axis earth rotation its axis
(C) Both (a) & (b)
(D) Revolution of the Earth ✓

76. Cultivation of rice needs?
(A) Plenty of water ✓
(B) Low quantity of water
(C) Medium level of water
(D) None

77. Wheat is Punjab is reaped in the month of?
(A) June
(B) July
(C) May ✓
(D) None

78. At the peaks of high mountains the boiling temperature of water?
(A) Increase
(B) decrease ✓
(C) do not change
(D) None

79. What is HCL?
(A) An Alkali base
(B) Acid ✓
(C) Neutral
(D) None

80. Who same the idea of law of inertia?
(A) Dalton
(B) Newton ✓
(C) Michael
(D) None
[next]
81. A long rope has to be out to make 23 small nieces. If It is double folded to start with how many time does it need to cut?
(A) 9
(B) 23
(C) 11 ✓
(D) None

82. In the first to over of a cricket same, the run rate was only 3.2 what should be the run rate in remaining 40 overs to reach the target 282 runs?
(A) 6.25 ✓
(B) 6.5
(C) 6.75
(D) 7

83. A bank offers 5% compound interest calculated on half yearly basis. A computer deposits Rs. 1600 each on January and 1 July of a year. At the end of the year, the amount he would have gained by way of interest?
(A) Rs. 120
(B) Rs. 121 ✓
(C) Rs. 122
(D) Rs. 123

84. A train 360 m long is running as speed of 45 km/h in what time will it pass a bridge 140m long?
(A) 40 sec ✓
(B) 42 sec
(C) 45 sec
(D) None

85. The sum of the ages of 4 children bom at the interval of 3 years each is 50 years what is the age of youngest child?
(A) 4 years ✓
(B) 8 years
(C) 10 years
(D) None

86. The sum of the square of these number is 138, while the sum of their products taken two at a time is 131. Their sum is?
(A) 20 ✓
(B) 30
(C) 40
(D) None

87. In an election between two candidates, one got 55% of total of valid votes. 20% of the invalid votes that the other candidate got the valid vote is total no of votes were to 
(A) 2700
(B) 2900 ✓
(C) 3000
(D) None

88. A man took loan from a bank at the rate of 12% per annum, Simple Interest. After 3 years he had to pay Rs.5400 interest only for the period. The principal amount borrowed by him was.
(A) 2000
(B) 10000
(C) 15000 ✓
(D) 20000

89. A sum of money is to be distributed among A, B, C, D to the proportion of 5:2:4: 3: If C gets Rs. 1000 more than D what share of B's Share?
(A) 500
(B) 1500
(C) 2000 ✓
(D) 5000

90. An auto mobile finance claims to be lending money at simple Interest, but the includes the Interest every six months for calculating the principal. If he Is charging an Interest of 10% of the active rate of Interest becomes 
(A) 10%
(B) 10.25% ✓
(C) 10.5%
(D) None

91. The sum of the digit of two digit number is 15 and the difference between the digit Is 3. What Is the two digit number?
(A) 69
(B) 78C
(C) 96
(D) Cannot be determined ✓

92 An office has staff of 6 people. A certain project will take regular staff 24 hours to complete. Assuming that al the workers will perform at this rate. How money additional workers must be employed to complete the job in 8 hours.
(A) 18 ✓
(B) 6
(C) 12
(D) 10

93. A train running with a speed of 60 km/hr. crosses a pole in 9 second what is the length of the train
(A) 120 m
(B) 180 m
(C) 324 m
(D) 150 m ✓

94. If one-third of one-fourth of a number is 15 then. Three-tenth of that number is (A) 35
(B) 36
(C) 45
(D) 54 ✓

95. A is two years older than B which is twice as old 99c. If the total of the ages of A. B. and C be 27 how old is B?
(A) 7
(B) 8
(C) 9
(D) 10 ✓

96. Find a positive number which when increased by 17 is equal to 60 times the reciprocal of the number.
(A) 17
(B) 15
(C) 8
(D) 3 ✓

97. Two numbers differ by 5. If their product is 336, then sum of two number Is (A) 33
(B) 34
(C) 36
(D) 37 ✓

98. If 15 workers can paint a certain number of houses In 24 days, how many days will 40 workers take working at same rate to do the same job?
(A) 12 days
(B) 18 days
(C) 15 days
(D) 9 days ✓

99. Jafer drew a square. He then erased it and drew a second square whose sides were 3 times the sides of the first square. By what Per east was - two area of the square increased?
(A) 600%
(B) 700%
(C) 800% ✓
(D) 900%

100. Find the number, If 50 Is subtracted from two-third of number, the result is equal sum of 40 and one-fourth of that number.
(A) 214
(B) 216 ✓
(C) 114
(D) 116
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An analytical or analysis essay is one that analyzes, that is, interprets or examines something. There are several different kinds of analytical essay including cause and effect, description, literary analysis, and process analysis.

Cause and Effect

A cause and effect essay examines or interprets the causes or effects of a situation. In this kind of essay, you may start from a known result or situation and examine what brought about that result. For example, it is known and observable that the sky appears blue, so you could write about why that sky appears blue, what causes it. Or, a cause and effect essay might begin from a known situation and then examine the effects of that situation. For example, intensive agriculture uses enormous amounts of fertilizer, so you could write about the effects of fertilizer that runs off farmland when it rains.

Description

Some essays do nothing but describe. To describe something in an essay, it's a good idea to use some of the same techniques as you would use in creative writing. Make use of all five senses: how does a thing look, feel, taste, smell, and sound? Note those small, unique details that really enable a reader to see what it is about the thing you are describing that makes it different from other things like it. Descriptive essays can easily slip over the dividing line between something you have to write for school and a true piece of creative non-fiction.

Don't forget, though, that clarity and accuracy are important, so stay away from abstraction as much as possible. And remember that the techniques of the descriptive essay are useful in other essay types, as well. How can you analyze something without a quick description of it, at least?

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1. RELIGION

  1. Art and Religion (1971)
  2. Relevance of Islam to Science (1972)
  3. Iqbal's Reinterpretation of Islam (1973)
  4. Religion and Science (1978)
  5. Islam and Democracy (1980)
  6. The Influence of Religion on Civilization (1981)
  7. Role of Zakat in Society Building (1982)
  8. Value of Faith in a Computerized World (1983)
  9. National Dynamism and Islamic Internationalism (1983)
  10. Islam as a Religion of Universal Love and Peace (1984)
  11. Pakistan and the Muslim World (1984)
  12. Example of the Holy Prophet Mohammad, Peace Be Upon Him, As a Perfect Human Being, Soldier and Administrator (1985)
  13. Pakistan's Achievements Towards Islamisation (1985)
  14. Muslim Ummah at the Cross-Road (1987)
  15. Islam and Women (1989)
  16. Religious Toleration (1991)
  17. Muslim Perception of the West, And the Western Perception of Islam (1997)
  18. Pakistan as Leader of the Islamic World in 21st Century (1998)
  19. Renaissance in the Muslim World: Prospects and Perils (1999)
  20. Pluralistic Vision of Islam (2004)
  21. Islam Versus the West (2005)
  22. The Image of Islam in the Western World and Responsibilities of the Muslim Ummah (2007)
  23. Peace - The Essential Message of Our Religion (2008)
  24. Status of Women in Islam (2009)
  25. Religion Has Done More Harm Than Help to Human Relations in the World (2010)
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 How you can write impressive essays in English.I am here to share comprehensive discussion about various types of English Essay and English Essay writing skills.

An essay is a short piece of writing that discusses, describes or analyzes one topic. It can discuss a subject directly or indirectly, seriously or humorously. It can describe personal opinion, or just report information. Essays are written for different purposes and for different occasions. Whether your purpose is to appear in a competitive win a scholarship, get enrolled in university, analyze the latest events or write for college, here you will be able to find the detailed information on any essay type you need. There are many types of essays divided into many categories and kinds. So one can not limit the types of essay into numeric form, but the important point to be noted is no matter how you classify the types of essay the fundamental theme remains constant.

Admission Essay: Admission Essays are used to learn more about your reasons for applying to the course or university and your contribution to it. Your answers will let you state your case more effectively than other parts of the application. Admission Essay

Scholarship Essay: The most important aspect of your scholarship essay is the subject matter. You should expect to devote about 1-2 weeks simply to brainstorming ideas. Scholarship Essay

Personal Essay: The written expression of your qualities as an applicant will often be a very important way for committee members to get to know why you are an acceptable candidate for their program. Personal Essay

Argumentative Essay: The function of an argumentative essay is to show that your assertion (opinion, theory, hypothesis) about some phenomenon or phenomena is correct or more truthful than others'. Argumentative Essay

Cause and Effect Essay: Cause and effect essays are concerned with why things happen (causes) and what happens as a result (effects). Cause and effect is a common method of organizing and discussing ideas. Cause and Effect Essay

Narrative Essay: As a mode of expository writing, the narrative approach, more than any other, offers writers a chance to think and write about themselves.Cause and Effect Essay

Five-Paragraph Essay: The introductory paragraph should also include the thesis statement, a kind of mini-outline for the essay. Five-Paragraph Essay

Critical Essay: The word "critical" has positive as well as negative meanings. You can write a critical essay that agrees entirely with the reading. The word "critical" describes your attitude when you read the article. Critical Essay

Comparison Essay: To write a comparison or contrast essay that is easy to follow, first decide what the similarities or differences are by writing lists on scrap paper. Comparison Essay

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NOBLE PRIZE

• Astronomers cannot be nominated for noble prize
• Marie curie twice won Noble Prize.
• First Nobel Prizes were awarded on 10 Dec: 1901.
• What country awards the Nobel peace prize- Norway
• Who won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1972-Nobody
• Who was the first American to receive the Nobel Literature prize Sinclair Lewis
• Which Nobel Prize is not awarded annually in Stockholm Peace
• Mother Teresa was awarded Nobel Prize in the field of peace.
• The New York Times received five Pulitzer prizes of 2009 for investigative, breaking news and international reporting, feature photography and criticism.
• Four persons have been awarded Nobel Prize twice.
• Van’t Hoff was the first Nobel Laureate in Chemistry.
• Wole Soyinka is a Nobel Prize winner for literature. He is from Nigeria.
• Which field was not included by Alfred Nobel originally... Economics
• Person getting the nobel peace prize in 2008 was of the country. Finland
• Alfred Nobel was born in Stockholm, Sweden, more than 150 years ago. In what year was he born? Alfred Nobel was born in 1833
• What did Alfred's father, Immanuel, do for a living? Alfred's father was an engineer and inventor.
• Alfred Nobel never married.
• A future Nobel Laureate worked for a short period of time as Alfred Nobel's secretary. Who? Bertha von Suttner
• Alfred Nobel died on 10 December 1896, but not in Sweden, his home country. Where did he die? Alfred Nobel died in San Remo, Italy.
• Why did Alfred Nobel establish a prize in his will? Alfred Nobel wanted to award the greatest benefits to mankind.
• Which Nobel category does not yet have a single female laureate? Economics
• Who won the first Nobel Prize in Physics? Roentgen.
• Which single winner won the most number of Nobel Prizes? International Committee of the Red Cross.
• Who was the first non-European to win the Nobel Prize in Literature? Rabindranath Tagore
• Mathematicsis not a valid Nobel Prize category.
• In what year did the most people decline their Nobel Prize? 1939
• Who was the only person to win the Nobel Prize twice -- in Peace and Chemistry? Linus Pauling
• Who was the only person to win the Nobel Prize twice -- in both Physics and Chemistry? Marie Curie
• Name the six categories for which the prizes are awarded. Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, Peace and Economics.
• For which category was a Nobel Prize given starting 1969? Economics.
• Who awards the Peace Prize? The Norwegian Nobel Committee.
• Max Planck received the noble prize in Physics in 1918 for his discovery of: energy quanta
• Climate change campaigner Al Gore and the UN's Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change have been jointly awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.
• Rabindra Nath Tagore was the first Indian/South Asian to win Nobel Prize. (Literature in 1931).
• Former US Vice-President Al Gore has won Noble Peace Prize 2007 for his campaign against Global Warming.
• Mr Gore won an Oscar for his climate change film An Inconvenient Truth
• The first negro to be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize was Ralph Johnson Bunche
• Rabindarnath Tagore won first Nobel Prize from South Asia.
• The first Muslim Nobel Laureate was: Anwar Sadaat of Egypt
• Nobel Prize holder UN institutions.....UNHCR, UAEA
• Who known as ‘Nightingale of India? Sarojinin Naidu
• Who is called as the “Herodotus of Arabs”? Abul Hassan Ali AI-Masudi
• Where was Albert Einstein born? Germany
• Heavy Mechanical Complex, Taxila was set up with the aid of China.
• Antarctica is the uninhabited continent of the world which is without any regular population.
• Turkey is the country having its land in two continents
• The world’s longest current reigning monarch is Queen of England.
• The Cambodian Language is the language with most Alphabets. It has a total number of 74 alphabets.
• Glaciers are found on every continent except Australia. The Lambert Glacier enjoys the distinction of being the largest glacier in the world. It is located in the Australia Antarctic Territory. Its length is 440 miles (700 km) and was discovered in 1956-57.
• The lowest mountain range in the world is the Bhieuna Bhaile
• The country known as the Land of Cakes is Scotland
• The place known as the Garden of England is Kent
• The largest bay in the world is Hudson Bay, Canada
• The largest church in the world is Basilica of St.Peter,Vatican City,Rome
• The country whose National Anthem has only music but no words is Bahrain
• The largest cinema in the world is the Fox theatre,Detroit,USA
• The country where there are no Cinema theatres is Saudi arabia
• The country where military service is compulsory for women is Israel
• The largest city of Africa is Cairo
• The most densely populated Island in the world is Honshu
• The first man to reach Antarctica was Fabian Gotileb
• Oldest surviving building in world is pyramids of Egypt.
• K-2 is also known as Godwin Austin, first climbed by Ardito Desio 1956.(Karakram range in Pakistan)
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Agence France Presse (AFP)______ France
Agencia Cubana de Noticias (ACN)_______ Cuba
Agencia EFE______ Spain
Agentstvo Politicheskikh Novostiei (APN)_____ Russia
Agenzia Nazionale Stampa Associata (ANSA)_____ Italy
Algerie Presse Service (APS)______ Algeria
ARI______ Russia
Asia News Network _____ Thailand
Associated Press (AP) ______ USA
Aswat al-Iraq (Voices of Iraq)____ Iraq
Bulgarian News Agency (BTA)_____ Bulgaria
Burma News International______ Burma (Myanmar)
China News Service (CNS)_____ China
Cyprus News Agency (CNA)____ Cyprus
Deutsche Presse Agentur (DPA) _____ Germany
East African ______ Kenya
Europa Press (EP)____ Spain
Gabonews ______ Gabon
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 <div class="page-content"><div class="page active">

<!--Page 1 content Here--> </div> <div class="page"> <!--Page 2 content Here--> </div> <div class="page"> <!--Page 3 content Here--> </div> </div>


CSS & JavaScript Codes

<style>

/* Post Pagination by ٓAtif Shah */


.pagination-container {

    display: flex;

    justify-content: center;

}


.pagination-container .page-numbers-container {

    display: flex;

    font-size: 16px;

    overflow: hidden;

    font-weight: bold;

    font-family: "raleway", sans-serif;

    border-radius: 20px;

    box-shadow: 0 4px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);

}


.page-numbers-container .page-number {

    padding: 8px 20px;

    transition: all 400ms;

}


.page-numbers-container .page-number:hover {

    background: #c5c5e9;

    cursor: pointer;

}


.page-numbers-container .page-number.active {

    background: #17A589;

    color: #fff;

}


/* Page Content */


.page-content .page {

    display: none;

}


.page-content .page.active {

    display: block;

}

</style>


<script> 

const pages = document.querySelectorAll(".page-content .page");

const pageNumbersContainer = document.querySelector(".page-numbers-container");


if (pageNumbersContainer) {


let pn = localStorage.getItem("pageNumber") ? localStorage.getItem("pageNumber") : 0;


const createPagination = () => {

    pages.forEach((p, i) => {

        const pageNumber = document.createElement("div");

        pageNumber.classList.add("page-number");

        pageNumber.textContent = i + 1;

        pageNumber.addEventListener("click", () => {

localStorage.setItem("pageNumber", i);

location.reload();

        })


        pageNumbersContainer.appendChild(pageNumber);

    })


    document.querySelector(".page-number").classList.add("active");

    pages[0].classList.add("active");

}


createPagination();

const pageNumbers = document.querySelectorAll(".page-numbers-container .page-number");

const activatePage = (pageNumber) => {

    pages.forEach(p => {

        p.classList.remove("active");

    })

    pages[pageNumber].classList.add("active");

    pageNumbers.forEach(p => {

        p.classList.remove("active");

    })

    pageNumbers[pageNumber].classList.add("active");

localStorage.removeItem("pageNumber");

history.scrollRestoration = "manual";

}

activatePage(pn);

}

</script>




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