Complete Vitamins Notes & MCQs

Vitamin A
i) Role: Vitamin A plays an important role in growth and body repair, keeps the skin smooth and essential for vision.
ii) Deficiency: it deficiency causes “Night Blindness”.
iii) Source: Fortified milk, butter, eggs, cream, leafy vegetables, carrot.

Vitamin B1
i) Role: it is an energy building vitamin, help in the digestion of carbohydrates, keep the heart and muscle stable and necessary for nerves.
ii) Deficiency: its deficiency causes Beri Beri, muscular weakness, cramps and heart swelling.
iii) Source: Pork, cereals, legumes, nuts and seeds.

Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)
i) Role: It is important in forming RBCs, protection of mouth and mucous membrane and skin.
ii) Deficiency: its deficiency causes “Pellagra”
iii) Source: Milk, leafy green vegetables, cereals etc.

Vitamin B3 (Niacin)
i) Role: Helps in releasing energy from carbohydrates, fats and proteins, very essential for the DNA synthesis, used to lower elevated LDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the blood, boosts the level of HDL, the 'good' cholesterol, in the body, essential for the proper digestion of the food etc.
ii) Deficiency: its deficiency causes Loss of appetite, Indigestion, Skin lesions, Mental imbalance etc.
iii) Source: Meat, poultry, fish, cereals, vegetables, peanuts, butter etc.

Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)
i) Role: it is essential for the production of antibodies, for the CNS and help in protein metabolism in the body.
ii) Deficiency: Skin problems, Nervous system disorders, Muscle spasms, Sleeplessness.
iii) Source: Meat, fish, poultry, vegetables, fruits etc.

Vitamin B12 (Cynocobalamin)
i) Role: it is important for carbohydrate and fat metabolism, growth of child and formation of blood.
ii) Deficiency: its deficiency causes “anaemia”
iii) Source: Meat, poultry, fish, seafood, eggs, milk.

 Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)
i) Role: It is essential for protection of bones and for healthy teeth and gums.
ii) Deficiency: its deficiency causes “Scurvy”
iii) Source: Citrus fruit, guava, pineapple, tomatoes, spinach, turnips, strawberry.

Vitamin D:
i) Role: It is very important for the growth of children.
ii) Deficiency: Its deficiency causes “Rickets” in children and Osteoporosis in adults.
iii) Source: Egg yolk, liver, fish, milk.

Vitamin E:
i) Role: it plays an important role in wound healing, prevention of sterility, breaking blood clots and prevents damage of cells due to aging.
ii) Source: Leafy green vegetables, soya bean, cotton seed, liver, egg yolk, nuts etc.
iii) Deficiency: its deficiency slows down the formation of RBCs.

Vitamin K:
i) Role: essential for blood clotting.
ii) Deficiency: its deficiency causes “Blood clotting Disorder”
iii) Source: Leafy green vegetables, milk, fish, liver, alfalfa. 



VITAMINS


Vitamin A 
(Fat-soluble)

Deficiency Symptoms
night blindness
loss of smell 
appetite loss

Natural Sources
Carrots, Fish liver oils, liver, green leafy vegetables .

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Vitamin B1 (Thiamin)
water-soluble

Deficiency Symptoms
beriberi 
shortness of breath
numb hands/feet

Natural Sources
Whole grains, brewers yeast, wheat germ, rice, seeds and milk.

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Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)
water-soluble

Deficiency Symptoms
cataracts
corner of mouth cracks and sores 
poor digestion

Natural Sources
Liver, cheese, fish, eggs, seeds, and cooked leafy vegetables.

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Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)

Deficiency Symptoms
dental cavities
anemia

Natural Sources
Rose hips, citrus fruits, black currants, tomatoes, sweet potatoes, and green bell peppers.

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Vitamin D
(Fat-soluble)

Deficiency Symptoms
tooth decay
diarrhea

Natural Sources
Fortified milk, egg yolks, butter, fish liver oils, sardines, salmon, mushrooms, and sunflower seeds.

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Vitamin E
(Fat-soluble)

Deficiency Symptoms
impotency
enlarged prostrate gland

Natural Sources
Wheat germ, brussel sprouts, leafy greens, vegetable oils, and eggs.

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Vitamin K (Menadione)
(Fat-soluble)

Deficiency Symptoms
nose bleeds

Natural Sources
Kelp, alfalfa, yogurt, safflower oil, fish liver oil, and leafy green vegetables.

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